Evaluation of Five Nannocfhloropsis Sp. Strains for Biodiesel and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Production.

Continuously usage of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable and environmental unfriendly because of its depleting supplies and the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which contributes to the worldwide greenhouse effect and global climate change. Methods to convert biomass tocompetitive biofuels increasingly attract researchers’ attention in recent pastdecades, and microalgae used as the most promising feedstock source for the third-generation biodiesel production interest biofuel researchers since they can produce and accumulate large amount of lipids and fix the greenhouse gas (CO₂) by photosynthesis at the same time. Hence, development and utilization of microalgae as feedstock candidates for biodiesel production appears to be a cost effective, renewable, carbon neutral and environmentally friendly way forward and offers great opportunities in the longer term. 

However, inadequate microalgae species and relatively absence of information on detailed FAs compositional profiles have limited the development of microalgae bio-resources. Determination and analysis of microalgae strains with high biomass concentration, high cellular lipid content, appropriate lipid distribution, suitable FAs compositional profiles and proper biodiesel properties under specific culture conditions are of great importance to promote microalgae biodiesel production. Thus isolation and evaluation of autochthonic appropriate microalgae species and exploitation of them in algal biotechnology for bio-resource usage is urgently needed.(Read More)

PGC-1a Gene RS2970847 Assess the Relationship Between Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Population in Tabriz

(PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 (HAR20). It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humansfrom apes. PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors.

This protein can interact with, and regulate the activities of, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). It provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor that regulates muscle fiber type determination. Endurance exercise has been shown to activate the PGC-1α gene in human skeletal muscle. This protein may be also involved in controlling blood pressure, regulating cellular cholesterol homoeostasis, and the development of obesity.(Read more)

Ab Initio and Density Functional Theory (DFT) Studies of Dynamic NMR Shielding Tensors and Vibrational Frequencies of DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) Nanoparticles Complexes in Human Cancer Cells.

Equilibrium constants of Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles complexes in human cancer cells with DNA/RNA ligands have been studied with biospectroscopic methods such as ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, ³¹PNMR, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR–FTIR) and FT–Raman spectroscopies in cosolvent systems at 10, 20, 30°C ± 0.5 and 1 mol.dm^–3 ionic strength, was maintained using Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Phosphate buffer. The stability constants of the complexesand the resulting free–energy changes are obtained. The results are discussed in terms of effect of solvent on protonation and complexation.

The interaction between DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles are investigated by HF, PM3, MM2, MM3, AM1, MP2, MP3, MP4, CCSD, CCSD (T), LDA, BVWN, BLYP and B3LYP methods using 31G, 6-31G*, 6-31+G*, 6-31G (3df, 3pd), 6-311G, 6-311G* and 6-311+G* basis sets of the Gaussian 09. The structural, thermodynamic, biospectroscopic and vibrational properties of DNA/RNA and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nanoparticles complexes in human cancer cells are studied by HF, PM3, MM2, MM3, AM1, MP2, MP3, MP4, CCSD, CCSD (T), LDA, BVWN, BLYP and B3LYP methods using 31G, 6-31G*, 6-31+G*, 6-31G (3df, 3pd), 6-311G, 6-311G* and 6-311+G* basis sets of the Gaussian 09. Also, interaction energies (ΔE) were calculated. Furthermore, some of bond lengths, angles and torsions were compared. Moreover, results of rotation about two bonds were reported. In addition, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) studies were performed to the second–order perturbation estimates of donor–acceptor interaction has been done.(Read more)

Assessment of Pep, Fndc5, C2c12, Pgc1α Pattern of Genes Expression during Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Heart Cells.

FNDC5 gene with another protein called Xuemei Proxy (PEP) is a 209 amino acid protein coding. These genes mainly in heart tissue,skeletal muscle and brain expressed. This study aimed to clarify the pattern of expression of this gene in mouse embryonic cells Heart cells taken. 

The mouse embryonic stem cells as a model for cardiac differentiation induced by ascorbic acid used and the pattern of expression of PEP at certain stages of differentiation were analyzed by Real-Time PCR technique. The results show a dramatic increase in PEP gene expression in the adult cardiomyocytes. PEP increased expression of genes may have a role in later stages cardiogenesis is possible that further studies are needed to identify it.(Read more)

Speciation Genomics of Protein-Coding Genes Common to Mycoplasmatales

The proliferation of sequenced genomes has permitted the evaluation of the role of natural selection at that level of organization. Studies have shown that some species, such as Drosophila melanogaster, showpositive Darwinian selection in relatively large number of genes, whereas other species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana show very low levels of positive selection compared to purifying or negative selection. By comparison Homo sapiens show intermediate levels of positive selection. 

Such studies have in common an evaluation of selection within a single lineage but generally do not address selection that may be occurring as new species arise, that is at splits in their respective phylogenetic trees. A few studies have targeted selection as species diverge but most of them are restricted to evaluating SNPs scattered throughout the genome and not whole sequences of genes. Using this approach, one may infer whether selection is common or rare during speciation but not necessarily whether selection is associated with particular functional groups of genes, which in turn may inform hypotheses on the genetics of speciation.(Read more)

Hyperdry Human Amniotic Membrane (HD-AM) is Supporting Aciclovir Included Device of Poly-N-p-Vinyl-Benzyl-D-Lactonamide (PVLA) Sphere for Treatment of HSV-1 Infected Rabbit Keratitis Model

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the main infectious causes of corneal blindness worldwide. A variety of clinical manifestations of both infectious and immunologic diseases affects all levels of the cornea in HSV keratitis. Acyclovir (ACV) is the main therapeutic regime for corneal ulcer because HSV-1is sensitive to ACV . The common regimen for corneal herpes in Japan is administration of ACV eye ointment (ACV-O). However, because ACV-O must be administered 5 times daily and shows poor water solubility and thus low bioavailability, alternative delivery approaches are needed to increase the therapeutic potential of ACV.

Poly-N-p-vinylbenzyl-D-lactonamide (PVLA) is a superior surface-coating material for culturing hepatocyte; it adheres to hepatocytes through a highly specific interaction between its galactose moiety and cell surface asialoglycoprotein receptors. PVLA has been shown to form polymeric micelles in water because of the presence of a hydrophobic polystyrene backbone and hydrophilic sugar moieties. A saline solution containing PVLA may be an effective solvent for ACV.(Read more)

Role of Mucosal Colonic Biopsy in Patients with Chronic Unexplained Diarrhoea who their Colonoscopy is Normal.

Chronic diarrhoea is one of the most common conditions presented to a gastroenterologist. It may be defined as the passage of abnormally liquid or unformed stools at an increased frequency as stool weight ≥ 200 g/day and duration is ≥ 4 weeks. It has varied etiology like infections, inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia,diverticular disease, endocrine-metabolic, functional, drug induced or as a side effect of radiation therapy. Thus the diagnosis of chronic diarrhoea is complex.

Colonscopy is one of the most important tools for investigation of colorectal diseases as it has been used to screen large bowel to identify early lesions in many risk groups and to investigate patients with various complains as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic diarrhoea and abdominal masses.(Read More)

A Forecast of Targeting Leukemia Stem Cells by Nanomedicine.

Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells with selfrenewal, differentiation and tumor-initiating properties. They are considered as the leading cause of tumor initiation, promotion, and relapse in most types of cancers. The first experimental evidence for CSCs was given by Bonnet and Dick in 1997. They found that single CD34+CD38– Acute MyeloidLeukemia (AML) cell was able to initiate AML in NOD-SCID mice .

Furthermore, this small subset population was found to be responsible for chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance because CSCs have enhanced DNA repair ability, enriched anti-apoptotic proteins, improved drug efflux transporters, and are protected in specific microenvironment or niche . Therefore, these leukemia initiating cells (LIC) or leukemia Stem Cells (LSCs) are considered as a critical target for leukemia therapy. Subsequently, CSCs in solid tumors have been identified from brain, prostate, breast, colon, and pancreas cancer.(Read more)

Novel Combinations for Wound Healing: Chitosan/PVA Nano Fiber; Royal Jelly, Probiotic

Nowadays, Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. These diseases and disorders of the problems for the patient and the health system create. One of the long term complications of diabetes isneuropathy, or nerve problems which are involved in diabetic foot ulcers and prevalence of this disorder in patients between 12 and 50 percent mentioned.

 Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Regarding the absence of sufficient efficacy of the available methods in diabetic wound healing, the use of alternative or complementary compounds has been considered. (Read more)